5 Surprising Reasons Kids Refuse to Eat

In this episode, we’re digging into one of the most important factors for helping extreme picky eaters: they’re struggling because something deeper is getting in the way.

There’s 5 big reasons kids refuse to eat and it’s not because of you’re parenting or that they’re just difficult.

Learn how to identify these signs yourself and how to start looking at your child’s eating through a different lens and why identifying the “why” behind picky eating can completely change your next steps.

If you’ve ever felt frustrated, confused, or wondered why nothing seems to be working, this episode will help you connect some important dots and give you a clearer path forward.

Get a seat in the free picky eating workshop
Constipation strategies article

Key Timestamps

00:00 Welcome and picky eating mission
02:03 Previous episode and workshop recap
09:57 Oral motor skill struggles
11:53 The snowball picky eating
15:50 Physical causes to check
20:35 Anxiety behind food refusal
24:53 Next steps for families
27:34 Gateway food next episode teaser

Read the Transcript

All right, we’re continuing on with our Picky Eating series here on the Connected and Capable podcast. I’m Alisha Grogan, and I am so darn excited, truly, that you are here. Thanks for tuning in. Thanks for making the time. I just wanna encourage you that if you know somebody in your life that is struggling with a kiddo that’s a picky eater, whether they’re two or 12, send this their way. 

This episode is so important and has been such an important part of our mission in general with our larger company, yourkidstable.com, that Connected and Capable is part of for the entire time since 2012. Because this is the stuff that nobody really tells parents, and this is a game changer. When you understand that your kid isn’t eating to be difficult, but they’re eating because there’s a real… They’re struggling to eat because there’s a real challenge, it changes everything. It changes your capacity to show up for them. It gives you a level of compassion and understanding, and that, we need that. 

Oh my gosh, we need that because when you have a kid that’s consistently not eating, it is frustrating. It is hard to keep your cool, and believe me, there have been times that I have failed at that. So, please don’t picture a perfect kitchen here with a mom that has never, like, lost her temper or got upset or said the wrong thing when I’m serving them food. There are times that I’m tired and burnt out and have been really stressed, even though, as the OT in me that spec- specializes in this picky eating, has known and understood better. 

But truly, those moments will become so much fewer and far between when you understand what we’re getting into today, which are five reasons that kids don’t eat. Now, I did touch on this in our last episode, which was the first in this series, where I shared more about my son’s personal journey with food, going from a super picky eater to a foodie. So if you missed that, definitely go back and watch. 

But most importantly, the best free resource that I can give you is our free picky eating workshop. It’s three keys to turn around picky eating. So make sure that you check that out after this episode. It’s yourkidstable.com/free. That is also in the show notes, and it is going to go into these next steps of, okay, what do I do? What are the actual things that I can do? Because you can make a change wherever you are right now in your life. 

These next three things in that workshop, you can start doing, even if you pick just one of them. It’s always about just your next step. Okay? All right, so let’s get into these five reasons. I mentioned this several times in the last episode, the number one reason, and please keep in mind that kids can have several underlying reasons that they’re not eating well, is sensory processing. 

Now, I do wanna be clear here, ’cause we also talked in the last episode about how picky eating is more of a spectrum. It’s also this broad, subjective term that a lot of people use. If we are talking about a kid that just doesn’t eat their vegetables, yes, there is a sensory component to this. But for today’s episode, I’m really framing this around very extreme picky eaters. So that would mean your kiddo, if they have less than 20 foods in their diet, and I know some of you listening, your kid has one, two, three, or four foods, they’re definitely in this category of, okay, something else is going on here. This isn’t just, oh, my kid just wants, like, certain types of food. 

If your kid is stressed out, melting down, gagging, flipping out when you try to change or present new foods or they, they try to taste a new food, one of these underlying reasons is most likely going on. So we’re really talking about kids that have more of a hard time, whether they are two, three, or four. As I said, my son, gosh, he was even before one, and I’m– one years old, and I knew that there were One of these underlying causes majorly in play, and so that, of course, was sensory. 

So let’s talk about what that means. First of all, if you’re listening here, Connected and Capable, you know all of our episodes are around uniquely wired kids, around regulation. And so if you’re listening here and you know, like, “Yeah, my kid is uniquely wired. They are neurodivergent. They have autism. They have ADHD. They have sensory needs in other areas of their life,” it is almost certain that sensory processing is at least one factor for why they are so selective about their foods. 

Now, what I mean by that is that when we eat foods, we have to taste a food, we have to smell a food, we have to touch a food, and we have to look at a food. All of that involves our senses, right? That, that is literally four out of our five senses. And you can even argue that you have to hear yourself chewing or eating while you’re doing that, because that can even be bothersome to some people. There is actually a diagnosis called misophonia, where some kids are so bothered by the sound of others or their own chewing. Okay, so this is like a full sensory experience every time we eat. 

You might not think of it that way because your sensory system is likely not noticing or it’s having pleasurable experiences. So your sensory system is wired, your brain, your brain is wired in a way that this is, “This tastes good,” “This is pleasurable,” or, “This is neutral.” You know, your brain just isn’t sending off any signal saying, “Whoa, danger, danger, danger.” But if you think about it right now, your brain will send off some signals for danger. There is something in your life you do not like the way it sounds or feels or tastes. 

Everyone has that, whether it is nails down a chalkboard, whether it is, you know, listening to somebody tap their pen, that kind of just sends shivers up your spine. Whatever that is, your threshold is likely so much higher. Your, your body’s sending that signal or your brain’s sending that signal to your body, “This is horrible. This feels terrible. This is so uncomfortable.” 

Unfortunately, for so many of our uniquely wired kids, as was the case with my son, their brain is sending that signal over something as simple as watermelon or chicken Anything that is different. And so when we see kids gag right as soon as they look at a food, as soon as they taste a food, as soon as they touch a food, this is a huge sign that they have some sensory processing difficulties that are affecting their eating. Now, please hear me, because I do think sometimes people will say to me, “Oh, well, my kid doesn’t have sensory issues in any other area of their life.” Sometimes it is really focused just on the eating. 

Now, often as we start to work together, they do end up realizing, “I didn’t know that other weird thing that they did was sensory,” and it is not related to food. That is very possible. But it’s also very possible that, and more likely, that you’re seeing other signs that your kid has sensory challenges in their life, but not, but as well with their food, and it might not be other sensitivities. So, that was the case with my son. 

Interestingly, he did hate touching some types of messy textures, so that was something we worked on because I knew that he needed to be able to tolerate getting messy so that he felt comfortable enough to touch foods. If he couldn’t touch the food, he wasn’t gonna be able to taste the food. And so we started with just a lot of play there to help with the sensory component of it. And yes, this is very appropriate for even kids, I will do this even with 10 and 12-year-olds. It just looks a little bit different in how you’re presenting it with them. 

But my child’s other sensory signs were kind of the opposite. He was a wild child. He was jumping nonstop, crashing into things, running. And so it was subtle. If I wasn’t an OT, I would not have fully realized, “Oh, he’s-” He’s also having sensory needs in these other areas of his life, especially because it wasn’t a sensitivity as like, “I can’t stand getting messy,” or, “I don’t wanna get dressed,” which are often commonly linked to picky eating, because they all go back to the same sense, that tactile sense, our sense of touch, might be wired to be overly sensitive in your child. 

So your child’s brain is just sending off signals like, “That’s too intense. That’s too much. That feels disgusting.” That may happen with food, that may happen with clothes, that may happen with crafts and paint and different things that they’re doing. But it’s also not unusual to see it compartmentalized into certain ar- like specific areas, like just with food. So that’s number one. If you’re seeing those signs with your kiddo, not wanting to touch, taste, look at food, or gagging, shuddering, and even sometimes throwing up, huge signs that, hey, sensory processing is one of the factors underneath. 

The second underlying reason that sometimes kids are very picky eaters is because of their oral motor skills. Yeah, I know, that’s, that’s like therapy’s talk. But that is referring to all of the muscles in and around the mouth that are required for eating. So those muscles need to coordinate where the food goes and how it moves around. They need to be strong enough to chew and to swallow. 

And so if there’s any part of that that is kinda tricky or hard, kids may be very selective about the types of food that they’re eating. Like, they’re just not gonna eat that piece of meat because it’s just too darn hard to chew. Kids with oral motor challenges, you may see eating very soft foods. There are occasions where they will eat harder foods because they can feel them better and move them around easier in their mouth. They’re not as slippery and slimy. So sometimes they will go for crunchy foods. 

Oral motor, you will also see kids maybe drooling a lot, food falls out of their mouth. If it’s only oral motor, because sometimes it’s sensory, and oral motor is underlying causes, but if it’s only oral motor, kids at an early age usually aren’t very stressed about it. It’s just like, “I don’t really know what to do with this. I’ll hold it in my mouth forever because I can’t even get it out. Like, I can’t use my tongue to get it out. I don’t have that coordination or strength.” Or they may pull their fingers into their mouth and pull food out from a young age. 

So even if you have a child that’s older now and they’re still not eating well, but you can look back and say, “Oh my gosh, yeah, they did that when they were one, two, and three years old,” that’s an indicator that there might be some oral motor stuff going on, or that they never really learned how to move the food around well in their mouth. So they start to get really selective about what they’re willing to put in there. What’s easier to eat? What can I move around well in my mouth? 

That takes us to the third underlying cause, and this one I have dubbed the snowball effect. Now, this is different than what my child experienced. For those of you that listened to last episode, I talked about how my son, from just pretty much right out of the gate, as soon as he started eating, there were just huge signs there was sensory stuff going on. For kids that have this underlying snowball effect, and we’ve had many students in our picky eating program have this as an underlying cause, their kiddos start off at a regular eating pattern. 

They’re eating well as babies. They eat well at their first birthday, and then sometime, usually between the time they’re one and two, although sometimes it’s a little bit later, they start to get picky. And it starts off slow at first. You know, it’s, “I don’t want that,” or there are certain foods that they don’t want, and parents understandably get kind of freaked out about that. And so they may cater to the child a little bit more, give it a little bit more attention. “Oh my gosh, I just need them to eat. 

If they’re gonna eat those chicken nuggets, I’m just gonna keep making the chicken nuggets, and I’ll feel better that they eat.” And then at some point, there’s this sinking feeling that, oh my gosh, they will not eat anything other than these chicken nuggets now. That’s the snowball effect. It builds over time. It starts, they usually start off as good eaters, and then the picky eating begins at some time in the toddler or early preschooler years When kids get pushed to a point, like if over time they have narrowed their eating so much, it can be hard for them to come out of that. 

Typically, we see the average picky eating range go from around one and a half to three and a half to five years old, meaning that it’s in that window of time that most kids get a little bit more selective, and there’s a bunch of stuff happening here developmentally. First of all, their taste buds become more enhanced, right? They’re, they weren’t tasting as much as babies, quite literally, and so their taste buds further develop and they taste them more clearly. Also, toddlers have an intensity for bitter-tasting foods. Guess what’s bitter? Vegetables. 

And that is like a evolutionary byproduct, because they have this super tasting for bitter because it was a protective mechanism that they would not eat random things in the wild and potentially die and get sick. So, toddlers are particularly sensitive to vegetables, and the way that they taste. They taste super intense to them. So, that is why we see so many toddlers and preschoolers pulling away from the intense taste that they’re experiencing when they eat a piece of broccoli or cauliflower or zucchini or whatever that is, the vegetable that is in front of them. 

However, if we stay the course, if we follow the five steps that we talked about in the last episode, particularly step number one in creating that no-pressure environment and step number two, sticking with our routine and, and really trying to be intentional about those things, if a child enters that natural picky eating phase, they will come out of it. What’s interesting is that depending on which study you read, there are re- some studies report that as much as 50 to 60% of kids are picky eaters. 

So again, a lot of this is self-reported, but this shows us that most kids are going through at least some type of average picky eating phase. It is obviously a smaller percentage of kids that are such severe picky eaters that it is causing major distress and turmoil around meals If your child is in the snowball effect, key things that you will know that they are was that they were a good eater, and then you saw it start slow and it got bigger over time 

That brings us to our fourth underlying cause, which is physical. This one is the trickiest, and it will involve getting your doctor on board, and I normally suggest that you should kind of rule out the other three that we had just talked about first, and consider then if there’s truly no other underlying cause to this, is there something physical that may be stopping them from eating? And the challenge here is that you can’t always tell. 

While there are some signs for some challenges, like reflux, sometimes kids have silent reflux, and it’s coming halfway up their throat and going back down without us knowing, but it’s creating a lot of discomfort. So your child might be s- intuitively selective about what they’re eating because they kinda have this instinctive sense of what’s gonna hurt and what’s not gonna hurt. They’re probably not able to articulate that. 

And if your child is seven or eight years old and have always had reflux, or have had it significantly at times and then it’s gone away, their brain might be really trying to protect them from that. But they are, even at seven or eight years old, not probably realizing that this isn’t normal, because it may be something that they’ve always experienced. 

Constipation is another major physical challenge that’s very common, and that one you would know about, right? So if your child is experiencing frequent constipation in that they are not regularly having a bowel movement every day, at the most every other day, but again, the goal really is every day, it is very common to see major fluctuations in their eating. So keep in mind that if you have a couple of meals that go really well, and then you have a couple of days that go really bad, this may be linked to that constipation. 

If there’s nowhere for the food to go because a child is constipated, their appetite is going to shut down, all right? So it’s important to get the constipation managed. There’s lots of ways to do that. I will link up our constipation blog post in the show notes, because we have a lot of healthy, natural strategies on how to help kids or at least point you to what to be asking, what questions to look for, what questions to ask with your doctor if your child is struggling with constipation. 

There are other physical challenges, though, besides reflux and constipation, although those are the most common. It becomes far less common to have other challenges, like sometimes kids have physical abnormalities in their mouth. They may have super enlarged tonsils. I saw a kid that had an odd flap of skin at the top. There was just, like, an extra fold in his esophagus that made it really hard for him to swallow 

Some kids have a diagnosis called EOE, which is a narrowing of the esophagus. And that EOE has some clear signs, and we’ve had a couple of kiddos in our picky eating program that actually found out after taking our program that they had it. And those, some of those telltale signs are if your child is dipping their food in liquids and then trying to swallow it, that’s a sign, you know, their, their passage has narrowed so much they’re just trying to get it down. 

Or they may take a bite of food, but they won’t take anything else. Again, a sensory kiddo would never do that because it’s so disgusting, they couldn’t even get a bite down. It’s, it’s way more telling that there’s something physical going on when a child is trying to eat and you see some problems with, swallowing or you see a child wincing. And again, sometimes there are no signs, and they have no real way of articulating, even again in elementary age years, what’s really going on here. 

And so in that case, that’s definitely worth seeing a pediatrician at a minimum, and if not, and most likely needing to see a pediatric gastroenterologist and really advocating for what you’re seeing in your kid when you feel like, “Oh my gosh, we’ve looked at every other angle of this and nothing, nothing is really making sense.” And then our last underlying cause, and this is the one that I get probably, the most questions about, is anxiety. Because here’s the thing, with all of the underlying causes that we just talked about, sensory, oral motor, that snowball effect, physical sym- physical symptoms and challenges 

When eating is hard, it becomes a negative experience for a lot of kids, and that makes their fight or flight cen- center turn on. That likely is re- you know, shooting cortisol into their system and making them feel really anxious around food. So it’s very common to see that your child has an anxiety component along with sensory needs, along with trying to chew and swallow, or these underlying physical causes that you might be unaware of. 

So know that that is often a component of it, and as we address these underlying causes, kids start to feel comfortable eating, and that anxiety naturally goes down over time. Now, if a child is older, some of those anxiety kind of pathways in the brain that have developed as a way of protection because the brain has been like, “You know what? I’m not doing that. It’s really uncomfortable. It feels really awful.” The brain is trying to protect again, and again, and again, and by the time a child is a preteen or teen, a lot of those negative thoughts around food are very prevalent. 

And so if you are noticing, “Gosh, my kid is just so negative about food. They seem so upset.” A- as preteens and teens, we tend to see that decrease in kind of the meltdowns or tantrums or upsets, and we see more argumentative pushback, shutdown, and that is really a sign that, “Hey, my anxiety is up, and you’re not really getting, like, why this is, is troub- is hard for me.” And unfortunately, the brain is growing and developing. 

It has now been in this protective mode around food for years, and so those anxiety thoughts can become very strong, and they can be very strong loops and circuits in a child’s brain that really are becoming a major reason that they’re struggling with eating food. And so it’s important to consider how big of a role anxiety is playing. Again, for younger kids, you often can go and just focus on the underlying cause, and I would say 10 and under for a lot of kids. 

Sometimes eight, nine, 10 years old, we have to do some anxiety kind of work around that as well. However, there are times that kids are not eating because anxiety and anxiety alone. These kiddos tend to have anxiety in other areas of their life. They don’t have any of these other underlying causes. They may have been good eat- like a very good eater for years, and when you saw their general anxiety or OCD get worse, it translated now into their eating as well. 

Because again, when the brain is pushed to a point where it is in fight or flight, even again, this has nothing to do with food, it’s on high alert all of the time. And so it will start to control all aspects. Anxiety will try to control all aspects of the life that your child is lead- leading because it’s in protective mode. And so when kids are struggling with solely anxiety, we will see them kind of focus on things like contamination of food. 

What if this makes me sick? What if this makes me throw up? Even if they don’t have a history of that, there is a A rumination that is happening that is related more to anxiety. All right? So that is something to watch out for. But again, we typically only… we typically see that in isolation of the other underlying causes. Okay, so now what? I know, you might be having to start to think, like, “Gosh, I think that might be one of the reasons,” or, “That might be an underlying cause.” What is, what is the next step? 

Well, even once you’ve identified these underlying causes, it is so important that we get started with those foundational steps. Remember, that’s setting the no-pressure environment. That’s creating a routine around meals with having regular mealtimes, trying to have at least one meal a day where you’re eating together. That’s also working towards having your kid have just a small amount of a new food on their plate or near their plate. So often we’re working towards that. 

For some kids, our goal is just starting with them tolerating food in the room, them tolerating a different food on the table, them tolerating, pea on their plate. And I love divided plates for that because picky eaters are often worried about their food touching, and that is different than contamination anxiety. Contamination anxiety is more that this is ruined, it’s gonna make me ill, it’s going to, it’s going to make me sick. There’s this kind of irrational fear. 

There’s a very practical fear for many picky eaters that, “Hey, if you put that pea on my plate and it touches my chicken nugget, it might taste different, and I am not okay with that, so don’t you dare put that pea next to my plate, or next to my chicken.” And so that is a very practical type of fear, and that’s why the divided plate come in handy. And yes, I even use these with older kids. There’s adult plates. Fiestaware carries adult divided plates, which I love, and we even still, we still use with our kids on occasion just ’cause it’s functionally easy depending on , what we’re eating. 

So I want you to get started with these first two steps, but it’s very important to know and have an awareness that, hey, there might be some more going on here that’s underneath the surface. So what can you do practically next? I want you to take the Picky Eating Workshop. If you are looking for more steps, this is the place to go so that you can get our free workshop guide. You can start instilling this no-pressure environment, which may take some time. Remember, this is just about the next step. 

 

We are going to dive deeper into our third and final episode of this special picky eating series. Of course, we will be addressing picky eating here again, but I really wanted to to get foundational episodes in place here. In the next episode, we are gonna be talking about a special recipe and why it’s so effective for so many picky eaters. It is what I call a gateway food, and I’m excited to walk you through that recipe, how you can make it, and why you should make it soon, besides the fact that it’s super delicious and is likely to be something that even your extreme or most super-duper picky eater will eat. 

All right, you guys. If you wanna get that workshop, head to yourkidstable.com/free or check it out in the show notes. As always, we love to hear from you, so please let us know, if this episode was helpful. Leave a comment if you’re on YouTube or Spotify. Leave us a review. We are so excited to hear from you, and your ideas. If you wanna hear from a new episode coming up, we’re always taking suggestions. All right, talk soon.

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Feel like you’re banging your head against the wall trying to figure out why your child won’t eat anything or refuses to eat at all?  There are real reasons and ways you can help picky eater kids.  Learn how from a feeding expert and mom.

 
 

Affiliate links used below. See our full disclosure.

 

As an occupational therapist, parents ask me all the time “Why does my child refuse to eat anything?”

 

It’s frustrating when you try to serve new foods, or worse, when you serve something they’ve eaten before, like their beloved chicken nuggets or peanut butter crackers, and they refuse to eat!

Most kids will do this occasionally, but some kids are refusing to eat on a regular basis.

What’s going on with kids that almost never seem to eat?

Or, will only eat if you feed them?

Or, the child that won’t eat and is losing weight?

As a parent, it’s scary, confusing, and stressful. You may wonder if you’re just dealing with a picky eater’s preferences that are like shifting sands.

It’s often much more than picky eating – more on that in a minute.

 

My 2/3/4+ year old won’t eat anything” – Where to Start

To help kids that are refusing food, we have to start with figuring out WHY they aren’t eating, because consistent food refusal is not a typical part of development.

In fact, when a kid is repeatedly not eating with or without weight loss, it’s a BIG red flag that something more is going on.

It’s time to put on your detective hat and get to the root of the problem so that you have the tools to help your child eat more food, and avoid power struggles at family meals.

 

 

 

5 Reasons Why a Child Refuses to Eat Anything

The truth is that there are A LOT of reasons why kids refuse to eat food. In my experience, as a occupational therapist with a specialized feeding background, I believe that most can be organized into 5 different reasons.

Feel like you're banging your head against the wall trying to figure out why your child won't eat anything or refuses to eat at all? There are real reasons and ways you can help picky eater kids. Learn how from a feeding expert and mom.

However, we have to be clear that when a child is regularly refusing to eat very little of any food or has only a few favorite foods that they are willing to eat, they may qualify for a diagnosis of Pediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD), which was just added as a diagnosable code in October of 2021.

Another option is Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, however this is closely linked to anxiety. See more in number 5 below for more info!

This is a good thing because children that are struggling to eat have often been described as picky eaters, which isn’t an adequate definition and leaves kids not getting the help they need.

As you read through the list below, look for signs you’ve seen in your child as a possible explanation. It’s very possible that several of the the underlying difficulties below are present in a child that often won’t eat.

Keeping that in mind, let me explain in some more detail.

 

#1. Physical or Medical Issues

Although this may seem like the most obvious reason kids don’t eat, it is often the most overlooked, or isn’t explored thoroughly. When kids have a well documented medical condition or are visibly sick, it is obvious that their eating is affected.

But, sometimes there are more subtle signs that are incredibly easy to miss. Two of the biggest culprits are silent acid reflux and constipation. Both of these very common problems for kids can put a halt to eating.

Although acid reflux is common in babies, it can also have an impact on kids much older, even if they weren’t diagnosed as an infant.

Unfortunately, many times it’s because kids don’t complain that their stomach is hurting. Many of them don’t even realize it because they have felt that way for so long OR they are too young to put into words how they are feeling.

Read more about acid reflux in children and to find a few natural remedies.

My older son has struggled with constipation since he was about one year old. I have to carefully watch his fiber intake and when he starts to get a little backed up, his eating is greatly affected.

Every time he doesn’t eat well, I have to ask myself, “Does he need to go to the bathroom?” The answer is usually, yes! Managing your child’s constipation can be a huge game changer in helping them eat new foods.

Read more about severe constipation in children and natural remedies to fix it.

If your child’s refusal to eat is more of a phase, you may want to consider teething, not feeling well, or fatigue as possible reasons for not eating.

And sometimes, if your child is chronically sick or tired, then food refusal or picky eating may become a way of life for them.

I strongly encourage you to see a pediatric GI doctor if your child has any physical symptoms, or if you’ve ruled out the other causes listed here because there could be other possible digestive difficulties. There are many other, although less common possibilities such as:

  • Food allergies (3-5% of kids)
  • Food sensitivities
  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)
  • Delayed stomach emptying
  • Physical abnormalities in the throat, mouth, or gut
  • Tongue, lip, or cheek ties

Some signs that your child may have any of the above medical issues are:

  • Eating only small portions
  • Difficulty swallowing dry or rough textures
  • Dropping a food they used to like such as milk, yogurt, or eggs
  • Only wanting liquids and not solid food
  • Holding chewed food in their cheeks (pocketing food)

However, each of those signs can have multiple explanations! That’s why that detective hat is important!

It’s a good idea to discuss it further with your doc!

 

#2. Sensory Processing Causing Food Refusal

Feel like you're banging your head against the wall trying to figure out why your child won't eat anything or refuses to eat at all? There are real reasons and ways you can help picky eater kids. Learn how from a feeding expert and mom.

For many picky eaters, sensory processing plays a big role in their refusal to eat foods. Simply put, if something feels gross in their mouth or on their hands, they aren’t going to eat it.

The fancy therapeutic term we give for when a child doesn’t want to touch different textures is tactile defensive. And, when they don’t like certain textures in their mouth, or chew/bite/lick everything else but food, it is a sign that their oral sensory system needs some help.

Clues that your child may be refusing foods because of sensory input are: gagging, squirming, or seeming frightened by the sight, smell, touch, or taste of a particular food.

Often, the first signs appear when parents try to feed babies baby or table foods. Sometimes, these reactions start as the taste buds become more developed between 1-2 years old.

And, other times, older kids can develop texture and taste sensitivities that weren’t there when they were younger!

 

Extreme Sensitivity and Fear of Anything in or Near the Mouth: Oral Aversion

Oral aversion also fits into this category.

If your child has had medical testing, feeding tubes, severe vomiting, or a physical incident in or around their mouth/throat (even from a infancy), they may be scared to have anything come toward their mouth and be overly sensitive in the area.

On the other end of the sensory spectrum, a child may not be able to discriminate food in their mouth well and they will unsafely stuff a large amount of food into their cheeks like a chipmunk.

This helps give them some feedback as to where the food actually is. These kids lose track of the food easily and can’t chew it well. Soft foods that aren’t easily discriminated (think mashed potatoes, cheese, etc.) are usually refused because they can’t manipulate them well in their mouth.

Sensory is often the hidden link in picky eating and food refusal, and while a lot of parents haven’t heard of it before, it’s critical to address it so that your child can learn to eat a variety of nutritious foods at meal times with the rest of the family.

If you can understand why your child is refusing food from a sensory perspective, well, it changes everything. To understand the connection better, read sensory processing and picky eating.

 

What May Be Causing Chronic Poor Appetite: Interoception

While frequent snack times and drinking milk throughout the day can spoil a child’s appetite for the next meal, some kids never seem to feel hungry or understand what fullness is.

This is related to one of the hidden senses called interoception. Basically, a child with poor interoception isn’t recognizing signs from their stomach that it’s time to eat or to keep eating until they feel full.

It’s like they’re lost in translation. The good news is there’s a way to improve this appetite awareness! Learn more in our interoception article.

 

3. Oral-Motor Skills

We take it for granted, but chewing is a coordinated skill just like walking, talking, and learning to read. It doesn’t come easy for all kids. Therapists call the ability to bite chew, and swallow, oral-motor skills.

Signs that your child may not be chewing well are:

  • Choking/gagging after the food is already in their mouth for a few seconds/minutes
  • Pocketing food (holding it in their mouth)
  • Wants to eat soft or pureed foods
  • Spitting out half chewed food
  • Food falls out of mouth accidentally
  • Can’t remove food or crumbs from lips or corners of mouth with their tongue or lips
  • Throwing up food that looks like it has hardly been chewed
  • History of difficulty breastfeeding

Often, these signs are apparent in young children because they have a hard time learning to eat table foods or even pureed foods. While kids with any of the underlying causes listed could have a difficult time with weight, kids with poor oral motor skills get tired and frustrated.

They give up on eating quickly and may not get on a growth curve.

Some kids will start refusing to eat foods because they don’t know how to chew it or they are scared they are going to gag/choke/throw up again on the food they literally don’t know how to eat.

This can continue into the teen years, although when left untreated, kids may figure out some workarounds.

But, it’s not uncommon for a 12 year old’s refusal to eat to be linked in some way to oral motor skills. Head over to Oral Motor Exercises to learn more about how to help your child improve their oral motor skills.

Sometimes, oral motor difficulties snowball to include sensory defensiveness too, because when a child hasn’t eaten any other textures in a really long time or ever, they become very sensitive to them.

These other textures may seem strange and even uncomfortable when they touch or feel them.

If your child never transitioned well to crunchy table foods, then you’ll want to check out How to Transition to Finger Foods

 

4. Routine, the Typical Picky Eating Phase, and the Snowball Effect

I strongly believe that structure and routine around food and meal time is critical to kids eating well.

Because for some kids with average picky eating, changes to the meal time routine can help your child reduce “junk food”, come to the dinner table easily, and eat more of what we often consider “healthy” meals.

There are some kids that will manage to eat well with a lack of routine, but by and large, most kids’ eating habits will suffer greatly without a regular routine.

Without a routine, kids can slide into eating a separate meal away from the rest of the family and may not eat much food when they eat alone.

If you don’t have regular meal times, pay attention to how frequently your child is eating. Do you eat in front of the TV often, and/or mostly let your kids pick what they want to eat?

If they don’t have a wide variety of foods, only want snack foods, or aren’t willing to try foods, lack of routine may be the reason for it… or at least part of it.

I commonly see this compounded on top of one of the other 4 reasons kids don’t eat. When there is a problem with eating, we get overwhelmed and start grasping at straws just to get them to eat.

This is another way the bad habits can begin and then play a role in food refusal.

That’s not to say that you’re to blame, I mean our kids have to eat, right? And, we do the best we can with what we know. Don’t feel guilty about choices you’ve made in desperate situations.

I promise you that even with the pickiest eaters, there is a way out of eating in front of an iPad or them having their own separate meals. It is one step at a time and I’ll show you how in my tips below.

Although many kids that rely on a screen to eat often get to that point because eating is difficult because of oral motor, sensory, or medical issues.

 

The Typical Picky Eating Phase

One other common factor is that some children start off as good eaters, and then between 1-2 years of age, eating starts to go awry. Annoying, upsetting.. yes!

Like it or not though, it is NORMAL for toddlers to go through a picky eating stage as their taste buds mature and they begin to want to exert some control into their lives. Parents, sometimes, get scared when their child that had healthy eating habits is now not eating as well, and will begin to throw routine and structure out the window.

 

The Snowball Effect

With parents just wanting their kids to eat anything or at least some healthy snacks, short order cooking is ushered in, among numerous and otherwise well-meaning, but sabotaging techniques, and parents are left with a bona fide picky eater months or years later.

Although the intention was in the right place, the lack of routine can lead to long term eating refusal and difficulties.

I call it the snowball effect because the eating difficulties started off small and grew with momentum over time, just like a snowball rolling down a big hill!

To make sure you have a solid routine, grab our free Picky Eating Toolkit printable, it includes 9 important steps to improve eating and 25+ food ideas for picky eaters.

Feel like you're banging your head against the wall trying to figure out why your child won't eat anything or refuses to eat at all? There are real reasons and ways you can help picky eater kids. Learn how from a feeding expert and mom.

 

 

5. Anxiety 

Most parents I talk to with kids over 5 think that anxiety is the main factor for kids that refuse to eat, and it is often a component. Kids that have a hard time chewing, get stomach aches or worse when eating, or can’t stand the texture of so many foods are scared to put new or different foods in their mouth.

Eating has often not been enjoyable and filled with negative experiences, so yes they are scared. They are anxious.

But, I don’t consider anxiety the main underlying cause unless it goes into clinical psychological anxiety. In which case, kids will often make the following types of statements:

  • I’m scared to eat the spaghetti I might choke
  • I really want to eat that, but it might be contaminated with germs
  • What if there’s poison in the pizza? I just can’t eat it

With clinical food related anxiety, kids often become irrational. And, they often have clinical anxiety in other areas of their life.

This is different than a child saying, “I’m scared that food is going to feel slimy like the avocado”.  That is a sensory based fear and is treated differently.

If a child has clinical anxiety and NO OTHER underlying causes that have impacted their eating and are typically over 5 years old, they may qualify for an Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder diagnosis (ARFID), however I see this diagnosis frequently mis-diagnosed when PFD is more appropriate.

If you aren’t sure, get a few opinions and please feel free to leave us a comment below, we answer every one!

 

What if My Child is Refusing to Eat Because They’re “Being Bad?”

A lot of people advise parents that kids are being “bad” or that the reason they are refusing to eat is behavior-based. Although behavior plays a role, it is actually a small percentage of kids that actually refuse to eat based solely on behavior.

In fact, with the hundreds of families I’ve treated and the thousands I’ve taught in our online picky programs, I’ve never seen one kid’s picky eating that can be solely explained by behavior.

Now, please don’t mistake me, even the youngest of kids will learn quickly what they need to say or cry or throw to get what food they want.

All kids go through different stages of development when they are testing boundaries and you can bet they will test it at meal times, too. After all, this is one of the few areas where they actually have some control. But, these kinds of little phases are short lived and aren’t severe.

For kids that have a history of being picky eaters, behavior is a piece of the puzzle, but typically, it has evolved from one of the legitimate reasons listed above.

And, when you address the underlying cause, the behaviors around meals decrease!

 

What to Do When Your Child Won’t Eat

Feel like you're banging your head against the wall trying to figure out why your child won't eat anything or refuses to eat at all? There are real reasons and ways you can help picky eater kids. Learn how from a feeding expert and mom.

If you can’ tell yet, here at Your Kid’s Table, picky eating is our thing. We have a lot of resources for parents and therapists working with picky kids.

No matter what combination of reasons are causing your child to be a picky eater, you’ll want to start with not pressuring them during meals while putting a consistent routine in place for them like having regularly scheduled meals with no snacking in between to help them start eating.

Then, focus on specifically addressing the underlying cause, whether that is sensory processing, medical, or oral motor skills.

Once you have a solid routine (grab this free printable to help develop one)  and are addressing the underlying cause, you can also use some of my favorite picky eating tips. I love to use dips (even if you think your child hates them, I show you how), fun tools like toothpicks (trust me) and divided plates.

Plus, there are lots of novel ideas like making food fun, and I’m not talking about elaborate food scenes that you spend an hour cutting out.

And, my favorite tip that can make a huge difference is cooking with your kids! I know everyone says that and parents think, “Not my kid”. But, hear me out. I show you how to do it, tell you why it’s important, and give you these recipes designed for picky eaters:

For even more food ideas, head over to healthy snacks for picky eaters and healthy recipes for picky eaters (you’ll find a free printable too!)

If you’ve tried a lot of these tips before and want to dig a little deeper (only use these after you have a routine and positive environment), then you can move on to my heavy hitting picky eating tips. These require a little more thought, but can have a huge impact.

Read about how to get your child to explore new foods and build on what they are already eating with food chaining.

Lastly, to save your sanity, find out how to have just one family meal, even with a picky eater (you can do it!) and how to keep mealtimes positive, even when that seems impossible.

I know you may be tempted to feel overwhelmed at this point, but resist! This page is here (pin it so you can come back). Remember, one step at a time!

 

Getting More Help for the Child that Refuses to Eat Anything

Having a picky eater, let alone an extreme picky eater or child with PFD, can be extremely overwhelming and paralyzing. I’ve experienced it myself and the worry can take over your life. But, there are a few ways to get help from a professional.

Learn more about feeding therapy for picky eaters, and if it would be a good fit for your child. However, feeding therapy is often just once a week, which is why it’s important to have those strategies you can use at home.

Get Help for Free- Today!

I highly recommend learning proven strategies that you can use everyday to start improving your child’s eating, this is possible no matter how picky they are!

There’s so much bad advice out there, but in my free workshop I teach you exactly what 3 strategies to start working on now. That could make a difference, today. 

It’s totally free and you can grab a spot now!

 

You might need the tips and link shared here again. Save it to Pinterest here!

Feel like you’re banging your head against the wall trying to figure out why your child won’t eat anything or refuses to eat at all? There are real reasons and ways you can help picky eater kids. Learn how from a feeding expert and mom.

 

More Articles for the Child that Refuses to Eat Anything

 

8 Tips to Keep Your Child Seated at the Table

Fun Plates, Forks, and Other Cool Stuff that Get Kids to Eat

8 Things You Can Do When a Toddler Refuses to Eat

Are Food Jags Affecting Your Picky Eater? What you need to know…

 


 

Alisha Grogan is a licensed occupational therapist and founder of Your Kid’s Table. She has over 20 years experience with expertise in sensory processing and feeding development in babies, toddlers, and children. Alisha also has 3 boys of her own at home. Learn more about her here.

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